Engineers create high-power zinc–air batteries

Monash University engineers have discovered a breakthrough catalyst that could provide more power, longer life and lower costs for next-generation batteries.

While zinc–air batteries are currently used in small devices like hearing aids, this opens the door to rechargeable, high-power applications, moving the technology closer to real-world, grid-scale and transport uses.

Using a heat treatment, researchers have turned a 3D material into ultra-thin carbon sheets and added individual cobalt and iron atoms, creating a catalyst that makes the battery’s oxygen reactions much faster and more efficient.

Lead authors Saeed Askari and Dr Parama Banerjee, from the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, said it outperformed standard commercial catalysts made from expensive metals like platinum and ruthenium.

“By engineering cobalt and iron as individual atoms on a carbon framework, we achieved record-breaking performance in zinc–air batteries, showing what is possible when catalysts are designed with atomic precision,” Askari said.

“Our advanced simulations revealed that the cobalt–iron atom pairs, combined with nitrogen dopants, enhance charge transfer and optimise reaction kinetics, solving one of the biggest bottlenecks for rechargeable zinc–air batteries.”

Banerjee said the principles behind this design could also be applied to other clean energy technologies including fuel cells, water splitting and CO₂ conversion.

“Running a rechargeable zinc–air battery continuously for more than two months is a milestone for the field. It demonstrates that this technology is ready to move beyond the laboratory and into practical applications,” Banerjee said.

“These catalysts not only solve a key bottleneck for zinc–air batteries, but their design principles can be applied across the energy landscape — from fuel cells to water splitting — offering broad impact for clean energy.”

Image caption: In the lab, Monash engineers are driving the next big leap in battery technology. Image: Supplied.